相信备考托福的同学经常听到一句话:得听力者得天下。
这是因为在整场考试中,听力约占到百分之七十。除阅读板块外,其他三个板块都在考察考生的听力能力。
这不仅需要考生有理解所听材料的能力,也对「听+写」和「听+说」的综合能力提出了要求。因此,对于托福考试而言,听力的备考非常重要!
那么,怎样才能提升托福听力部分呢?有什么高效方法呢?
托福听力考试简介
托福听力内容分为两类:对话(Conversation)和讲座(Lecture)。每篇对话时长约2-3分钟,讲座约5分钟。音频仅播放一遍,考生需要在听完录音后,借助记忆或笔记回答相应问题。
对话常与校园的学习生活相关,通常学生会遇到某个问题并寻求解决,包括但不限于:论文选题与修改、图书馆借书、志愿服务或实习相关问题。
托福听力备考方法
1
单词
听力考试中,首先要做的一定是听懂文章内容。听不懂文章内容,掌握再多的考试技巧也于事无补。而听懂文章的第一步是掌握听音辩词的能力,即听到某个单词可以立马反应出它的意思。其本质是增强对音频信号的熟悉度。
为解决这一问题,我们或许可以对背单词的方法做出一些改变。在关注单词的拼写与形象之外,增加音频信号与其对应的频率格外重要。比如,当我们买到一本单词书时,我们可以寻找并充分利用它的音频资源。在听单词的过程中想它的中文释义,不能准确对应的词汇可以反复听,这样就增加了我们将音频信号与中文释义对应的机会。
这一阶段的目的是能够将认识的单词听清楚,有助于篇章的理解。
2
句子
听懂单词后,最重要的问题就是理解句子。
学术讲座中不可避免的会出现一些长难句,这就增加了我们理解的难度。解决这个问题的关键就是找句子主干。无论句子如何复杂,梳理主干后会发现英语只包含三种句子:「主谓」、「主谓宾」和「主系表」。在找出最核心的成分之后就会理解句子最主要的含义了,其余成分如状语和定语等就是起修饰作用。
3
结构
可以理解为一篇听力就是将文章转变为声音的形式。那么和文章一样,一篇听力内容应该是有清晰的逻辑结构的。把握住这样的结构对于我们理解文章内容以及预测出题点都有非常大的帮助。
结构可以分为段中结构和篇章结构。
首先是段中结构。与阅读文章类似,听力中的说话人会借助论证方法(如举例论证、对比论证和类比论证等)有逻辑地对问题进行说明。这时候我们就要注意他是如何展开论证的,关注关键词(如for example/instance,in contrast,just as...)带给我们的提示。这样做笔记时就容易快速抓住重点,如:professor为什么提到xxx,小黑板上出现专业术语后一般会对其进行解释等等。
其次是篇章结构。像我们写文章一样,听力的内容通常有一个通用结构。通常教授会围绕某个问题提出几个分论点并进行说明。这时候我们就可以抓住几个分论点,将听到的信息进行有逻辑的整理,做出有结构性的笔记,而不是零散的信息的收集。
4
意识
最后,要培养主动寻找重要信息的意识。
由于考试性质,托福听力一定是考察同学能否适应英语教学环境,包括是否听得懂课,能否与他人建立起有效的沟通等。比如对话部分,可以想象自己是正在说话的学生,你希望获取的一定是对解决问题重要的信息,如解决方法或为何某一方法行不通。在讲座部分,可以想象,如果这是一篇中文讲座,你会记下哪些内容?这样就可以帮助我们辨别哪些信息是重要的,也就最有可能在题目中出现。
托福听力出题点分析
提高托福听力成绩,掌握基本的做题技巧也很重要,接下来我们就来看看,托福的听力出题点吧~
1. 专有名词
在托福真题听力中,我们经常会听到一些抽象名词或者是专业名词。
例如:Orion
Professor:Good,that’s a prominent constellation.Let’s take a look at Orion.The name refers to a hunter in Greek mythology.Orion is usually visible in the night sky from November to February when it’s winter in the norther hemisphere and summer in the southern hemisphere.
Lecture中教授提到了猎户星座,并详细介绍了猎户星座在不同半球的可见时间。
题目问提及猎户星座的原因:
1.Why does the student mention Orion
A.To explain how she became interested in astronomy
B.To point out that the pattern of stars in a constellation can be difficult to identify
C.To give an example of a constellation named after a mythological figure
D.To ask a question about the names of constellations
再例如:IAU
So,in the 1920s the international astronomical union or IAU came up with an official list of 88 constellations.The IAU first had to agree on a list of constellations that combined traditional constellations with constellations that had been established more recently.Then,they defined precise boundaries for each constellation.
教授在Lecture中说到了国际天文协会IAU。IAU提出了含有88个星座的官方列表,列表结合了传统星座和新星座。他们还有每个星座划定了明确的界限。
题干问IAU的成就:
2.According to the professor,what were the accomplishments of the International Astronomical Union in the 1920s
Click on 2 answers.
A.Assigning scientific names to the traditional constellations
B.Determining the approximate number of stars in each constellation
C.Deciding which star configurations should be considered constellations
D.Dividing the night sky into well-defined regions
2.原因、结果
任何类型的lecture题目当中都有可能会考到此类问题。一般来讲,在托福听力中,表示原因的听力内容值得我们的关注,在托福听力有较多的表达原因的逻辑词,常常我们都会误以为只有because会考到,这是由于我们日常接触的原因类的词汇只有一个。事实上有since、as、for、the reason is that等表达方式都表示原因,这需要我们的日常积累。
TPO 18 European History:
It’s commonly said that medieval Europeans wanted spices to cover up the taste of spoiled meat.But this isn’t really true.Anyone who had to worry about spoiled meat couldn’t afford spices in the first place.If you could afford spices,you could definitely afford fresh meat.
We also have evidence that various medieval markets employed a kind of police to make sure that people did not sell spoiled food,and if you were caught doing it,you were subject to various fines,humiliating public punishments.So what actually was true was this:In order to have meat for the winter,people would preserve it in salt,not a spice.Spices actually aren’t very effective as preservatives.
人们普遍认为中世纪的欧洲人想要香料来掩盖变质肉的味道。但事实并非如此。每一个担心变质肉的人一开始都买不起香料。如果你买得起香料,你肯定买得起新鲜的肉。也有证据表明,中世纪的各个市场都雇用了一种警察来确保人们不会出售变质的食品,如果你被抓到这样做,你将受到各种各样的罚款和羞辱性的公共处罚。所以事实上是这样的:为了过冬,人们会把肉放在盐里保存,而不是放在香料里。香料实际上并不是很有效的防腐剂。
What two factors explain why medieval Europeans did not use spices to cover the taste of spoiled meat?Click on 2 answers
A、Fresh meat was less expensive than spices were.
B、Spices were mainly used in incense and perfume.
C、The sale of spoiled food was prohibited.
D、Salt was cheaper than most spices were.
此题就有明显的因果关系,其中香料不能用来掩盖变质肉的气味因为:
1.香料的价格比肉贵;
2.有严格的惩罚。
3.例子
在托福听力中,通常会使用不同的例子来加强教授内容的学术严谨性,论证教授的观点所以当听力中出现for example、for instance、let’s say,let’s put it this way,just like、just as,as we all know等说法时我们一定要保持足够的警觉。
/
例1:
In other words,these same basic strategies are used by the chameleons and frogs and insects we talked about.And by larger animals as well,for example the tiger’s example of black stripes on a lighter background is a form of disruptive coloration…
Lecture中讲述了不仅变色龙、青蛙和昆虫会使用这些技巧。一些大型动物也会使用伪装技巧,于是提到了老虎的例子来佐证
1.Why does the professor mention the tiger
A.To illustrate that the results of the cephalopod research can be extended to many other animals
B.To give an example of an animal whose crypsis strategy has been extensively studied
C.To point out how different its crypsis strategy is from the strategy used by smaller animals
D.To argue that predators rely on crypsis less than prey species do
题干问教授提及老虎的原因?正如文中所讲述的,不仅两栖动物和昆虫会使用这些伪装技巧,大型动物也一样,例如老虎。
/
例2:
Professor:Yeah,and that’s the beauty of the synthesizer.You can make sounds faster,slower,higher pitched,lower pitched,you can of course change the volume.You can make a single chord reverberate through an entire song,something the best musicians can’t do with a conventional instrument.And all of this can be done as you can imagine relatively quickly.No more tape splicing.It’s kind of like making furniture using modern power tools instead of hand tools.The difference is that dramatic.
讲述了合成器的美妙之处。你可以让声音变快、变慢、变高、变低,也可以改变音量。你可以让一个和弦在整首歌中回响,这是最好的音乐家用传统乐器做不到的。没有磁带的拼接。这有点像使用现代电动工具而不是手工工具来制作家具。差别很大
题干:教授提及制作家具的原因
1.Why does the professor mention furniture making
A.To explain that creativity is required whether composing music electronically or traditionally
B.To emphasize the relative ease of composing music on a synthesizer
C.To suggest that given the right tools,almost anyone can compose music
D.To demonstrate that electronic music is a unique art form
讲述了使用合成器制作音乐的优势,犹如使用现代工具来制作家具一样简单便捷。
4.数字
此类题目一般会出现我们所谓的多选题,一般会考到具体的细节的作用、表现形式、逻辑关系等。比如音乐发展史的听力文本中提及了three breakthroughs。
/
例如:
Professor:Probably the most important musical development of the twentieth century was the emergence of electronic music.The ability to generate sound electronically opened up many new possibilities for composers.So,let’s look at three major breakthroughs in this area.
这是一篇关于音乐发展史的lecture,其中提到了three breakthroughs,预示了文章的结构走向。
以上就是关于《托福听力备考方法,四招轻松提分!》介绍。爱思学,您的教育规划师,提供全国托福培训机构课程免费试听,快速了解费用明细,排名、校区地址,欢迎咨询预约。