雅思大作文写作，是很考验论证本事的一科。在大作文写作中，想拿高分，除了要展现过硬的英语水平，还要展现成熟的思考方式。同学们也许常用举例来论证，但是，通篇都只举例的作文肯定会很单一。那么，还有没有其他常见的论证方式呢？当然，小编这就带你来一起看看~
举例论证
举例论证，相信同学们不陌生，通过具体的例子来论证你的观点，也是相对好上的一种。不过，这种方法对于同学们的素材积累有一定要求——为了让论证更有说服力、更加不随意，我们不能像口语考试那样，用自己个人的例子来论证，除非题目点名了要求，否则，一般情况下我们要选择一些名人、热点新闻等这样的例子来论证。
1实例
小编想给同学们说两种比较“安全”且说服力满满的举例法。第一种举例法，我们可以用名人事例。比如，谈及教育话题时，我们可以用我们新闻里看到过的人物作为论据，这样的素材放在作文里是很有说服力的，会非常有力地让你的论点得到证明。
比如，我们想说好的老师的重要性时，我们可以这样举例：
A good teacher can affect students deeply. For example, a Chinese teacher named Zhang Guimei devoted her life into helping girls from poor families with getting free education, providing them with the opportunities to enter universities, which will change their life forever.
句首表达立场，然后举例论证，这样，就很有力地完成了一次论证啦。
我们还可以用一些我们大家熟知的热点话题来作为例子。社交媒体一直是雅思写作中的热门话题，比如我们谈到关于社交媒体的利弊时，就可以用我们所熟知的社交平台来举例，比如：
Social media can be harmful in some ways. Take Weibo as an example, which has the similar function with Twitter (now known as X). People are spending more time browsing news and information through Weibo, but with the increasing number of fake news and misleading information, people can be easily misguided. This is a worrying phenomenon caused by social media today.
用我们大家都知道的东西来举例，也是我们选取例子的合适的方式。同学们只要记住，在举例之前，最好先申明自己的立场，这样才能让考官马上就明白你想说什么哦。
2常用句型
For example/instance
...such as A, B, C and so on...
A good case in point is that...
Consider the case / one's experience as an example
Take... as an example
让步论证
这个方法乍一听有点抽象，但小编给你解释下你肯定就清楚了。我们先让步承认一个事实的可行性或可能性，继而再转折，给出自己的观点以否定前者。小编给同学们举个例子来看看，同学们就知道该怎么写了。
1实例
题目：Some people say that the best way to improve public health is by increasing the number of sports facilities. Others, however, say that this would have little effect on public health and that other measures are required. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.
范例（出自剑9官方范文）：
...The variety of sports that could be offered would cater for all ages, levels of fitness and interests: those with painful memories of PE at school might be happier in the swimming pool than on the football pitch.（承认事实）
However, there may be better ways of tackling this problem. Interest in sport is not universal, and additional facilities might attract the already fit, not those who most need them.（转折说明）
让步论证法很适合承上启下，让整篇文章的连贯性更强。在这两个段落里，范文先通过肯定了增加运动设施带来的好处，再通过转折否定了这种方法的局限性，因为这样的方法很有可能只会吸引到本来就在运动的人，而运动不是人人都会做的，因此这种方法也就产生了局限性。
这样的论证非常漂亮、有逻辑且连贯，也是雅思考官很乐意看到的一种方法~同学们在练习的时候，除了要注意用词用句，也要注意其中的内在逻辑是否合理，不要让自己的逻辑混乱才行。
2常用句型
in spite of...
despite this...
however / nonetheless / nevertheless
in spite of the fact that...
Althought / though ...
因果关系论证
这种论证方法，顾名思义，就是通过阐述支持或反对一种说法的原因来论证观点，考验同学们的逻辑性，这一点也是雅思考官很看重的。所以同学们运用时，一定要保证逻辑清晰，用好的话，这一点是能够大大帮助我们的写作加分的！
1实例
题目：It is important for children to learn the difference between right and wrong at an early age. Punishment is necessary to help them learn this distinction. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion? What sort of punishment should parents and teachers be allowed to use to teach good behaviour to children?
范例段落（出自剑10官方范文）：
To some extent the question depends on the age of the child. （给出观点）To punish a very young child is both wrong and foolish, as an infant will not understand what is happening or why he or she is being punished. （原因1）Once the age of reason is reached however, a child can be rewarded for good behaviour and discouraged from bad. （原因2）This kind but firm approach will achieve more than harsh punishments, which might entail many negative consequences unintended by the parents.（导致的结果）
注意第二句to punish开始的那一段，就是非常典型的因果论证法。在开头，段落表明了惩戒的使用取决于孩子的年龄，然后开始论证，先说了惩罚很小的孩子这个行为是错误的也是比较愚蠢的，接着阐述了原因，原因是小婴儿根本不懂发生了什么，也不知道他们为什么会被惩罚，等到他们长大了，懂得明辨是非了，这样的做法才会更合理。
这样的论证符合自然逻辑，是一次非常合理完美的论证，简单明了，富有说服力，同学们有没有get到这种方法呢？
2常用句型
First(ly)...Second(ly)...Third(ly)...Last(ly)...
To begin with...
First of all...
The first and the most important reason is that...
On the one hand...On the other hand...
Another equally important aspect is...
Besides, other reasons are...
For one thing...For another...
Last but not least,...
because / since / as / due to / owing to
because of / thanks to / as a result of
therefore / hence / thus / as a result / consequently
the reason why...is that...
the main factor toward this is that...
It is related to / associated with the phenomenon that...
假设论证
这种论证方法也是比较常见的，通过假定某种情况的发生，来支持或反对我们所持有的论点，很考察我们的逻辑性，需要保持头脑清晰，而不是毫无逻辑地乱作出假设。小编来给同学们看看实例~
1实例
题目：Some university students want to learn about other subjects in addition to their main subjects. Others believe it is more important to give all their time and attention to studying for a qualification. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
范例段落（出自剑18官方范文）：
It is perfectly reasonable for students to enter university with a strong sense of curiosity and desire to learn as much as possible. Unfortunately, we tend to put subjects into artificial boxes, suggesting that business, art and science are not connected. If students become too focused on a single area, it may stifle their initial curiosity, limiting their potential. （假设1）They could also graduate with a very narrow skill set that doesn’t translate well to the current job market, which often favors those who have taken a multidisciplinary approach to their studies.（假设2）范文用了假设学生太过关注于某一科目可能会带来的负面影响，通过假设这种情况，推理出这种情况带来的影响，这也是体现我们雅思写作逻辑性的一方面。
同学们要记住，我们做假设的时候，一定也是要有逻辑的，做出的假设完全不合理，这样的话写作是无法自圆其说的哦。给出合理的假设与分析才能进一步夯实我们的论证。
2常用句型
If + xxx will/would
People would rather...than...
Suppose / Supposing...
I presume / assume / suppose...
xxx postulate...
看到这里，同学们是不是会觉得突然思路打开，写雅思大作文没有那么难了呢？其实雅思大作文真的没有你想象的那么难写，把这些方法灵活运用起来，勤于练习，写出高分作文也是很容易的~
