上一期《单词串串记000》中，笔者阐述了助力英文单词串记的四种基本音变规律，分别是元音音变字母组、f音音变字母组、鼻音音变字母组和ks音音变字母组。接着，举例罗列了原始印欧语词根“*spek-”、“*wegh-”、“*weg-”、“*gwei-”分别是“to observe”、“to go, move, transport in a vehicle”、“to be strong, be lively”、“to live”的意思。
于是－
➊aspect n.方面;层面;（动词的）体（如表示动作等发生一次或多次、已完成或正在进行）;外观;方位;外表;朝向;样子㊙️表示眼中所看；
➋special adj.特别的;特殊的;专用的;重要的;更好的;特设的;不寻常的;特别关照的;不一般的;有专门目的的;格外看重的;起专门作用的;n.特价;特别活动(或节目等);特制产品;㊙️越是与众不同越容易引起人们关注；
➌telescope n.望远镜;v.(使)叠套缩短，叠缩;缩短，精简，压缩(成…);㊙️-scope是spek-的倒装形式；
➍always adv.总是;一直;(将)永远;（讨厌地）老是，一再;一贯;㊙️way“go的人多了便有了way”，all ways，所有的路不正是“总是、一直、老是”的意思？
➎vigor n.活力;智力， 精力， 元气;㊙️动才有活力、才显元气；
➏词根bio-“life, life and”；㊙️f音音变字母组b与v串位留义的现象；
➐词根zoo- “animal, living being”；㊙️f音变字母组v与g相串，ks音变字母组g与z相串；或可理解为g未封口变写为s，然后再发生ks音变字母组s与z之间的互串；一系列单词因意义统一从而强化了理解串记的强力效能。
汉语中，我们通常说一个人灵泛、有眼力见等，无不指向灵活、眼色、行动敏锐的意境。这又让笔者联想到聪明与眼晴间的紧密联系。因此，上一期的四个关联词根又多了一个新的成员——原始印欧语词根“*weid-”是 "to see" 的意思。
一、单词串串记实例
♻*weid-衍生词
☯advice[ədˈvaɪs]
n.建议;意见;忠告;劝告;
from Latin visum, neuter past participle of videre "to see" (from PIE root *weid- "to see")
☯advise[ədˈvaɪz]
v.建议;通知;提供咨询;提出建议;劝告;忠告;出主意;正式告知；
from Latin visum, neuter past participle of videre "to see" (from PIE root *weid- "to see")
☯belvedere[ˈbelvədɪə(r)]
n.观景楼;观景房;
from Latin bellus "beautiful, fair;" see belle) + vedere "a view, sight" (from PIE root *weid- "to see"
☯clairvoyant[kleəˈvɔɪənt]
adj.能预卜未来的;未卜先知的;通灵的;
n.未卜先知的人;通灵大师;
from clair (see clear (adj.)) + voyant "seeing," present participle of voir, from Latin videre "to see" (from PIE root *weid- "to see")
☯deja vu[ˌdeɪʒɑː ˈvuː]
似曾经历过的感觉;
from French déjà vu, literally "already seen." The phenomenon also is known as promnesia
☯druid[ˈdruːɪd]
n.德鲁伊特(古代凯尔特人的祭司);
from Old Celtic *derwos "true" (from PIE root *deru- "tree," especially oak) + *wid- "to know" (from PIE root *weid- "to see")
☯eidetic[aɪ'detɪk]
adj.（头脑中的印象）异常清晰的；极为逼真的;
from eidesis "knowledge," from eidos "form, shape" (see -oid)
☯eidolon[aɪ"dəʊlɒn]
n.幻像，精灵，睡梦中的幻象;
from eidos "form, shape" (see -oid)
☯envy[ˈenvi]
n.嫉妒;羡慕;忌妒;
vt.羡慕;忌妒;庆幸不必做别人非做不可的事;
from PIE root *en "in") + videre "to see" (from PIE root *weid- "to see"
☯evident[ˈevɪdənt]
adj.明显的;显然的;清楚的;显而易见的;
from ex "out, out of, fully" (see ex-) + videntem (nominative videns), present participle of videre "to see" (from PIE root *weid- "to see")
☯guide[ɡaɪd]
vt.指导;指引;影响(某人的行为);(向某人)解释;阐明;搀扶（某人朝…方向）走;给某人领路(或导游)
n.指南;导游;向导;手册;指导者;女童子军;有指导意义的事物;
from PIE root *weid- "to see."
☯guidon["gaɪdən]
n.队旗;旗手;军旗;
from Proto-Germanic *witanan "to look after, guard" (from PIE root *weid- "to see"). Compare guide (v.)
☯guise[ɡaɪz]
n.伪装;外表;表现形式;外貌;
vi.使化装伪装;
from *wissaz (source also of Old High German wisa "manner, wise"), from PIE root *weid- "to see."
☯guy[ɡaɪ]
n.男人;家伙;伙计们;小伙子;兄弟(或姐妹)们;支索，牵索，拉索;一群男人(或女人);盖伊模拟像(英国每年11月5日庆祝篝火之夜焚烧的身着古装的人体模型)
vi.（用拉索等）固定;逃走;（用牵索等）牵拉;开…的玩笑;取笑[俚语]逃亡;乱演某角色
from PIE root *weid- "to see."
☯Gwendolyn["ɡwendəlin]
n.格温多琳；【女名】女子名;
the first element is Breton gwenn "white", from nasalized form of PIE root *weid- "to see."
Hades[ˈheɪdiːz]
n.阴间;冥府;
from privative prefix a- + idein "to see" (from PIE root *weid- "to see").
☯history[ˈhɪstri]
n.历史(指过去发生的所有事情);（某人的）履历，经历;(有关某个地方、主题等的)发展史;历史学;历史课;
from PIE *wid-tor-, from root *weid- "to see," hence "to know."
☯idea[aɪˈdɪə]
n.想法;主意;概念;意见;目标;看法;构思;感觉;信念;印象;
from PIE *wid-es-ya-, suffixed form of root *weid- "to see."
☯ideo-
word-forming element variously used with reference to images or to ideas, from Greek idea "form; the look of a thing; a kind, sort, nature; mode, fashion," in logic, "a, kind, sort, species" (see idea).
☯idol[ˈaɪdl]
n.偶像;神像;受到热爱和崇拜的人(或物);
Old English afgod, Danish afgud, Swedish avgud, Old High German abgot, compounds with af-/ab- "away, away from" (source of off) + god). Old Norse skurgoð "idol" is literally "carved god."
☯idyll[ˈɪdɪl]
n.田园诗;(尤指乡下的)愉快恬静的地方(或事情、经历);
descriptive poem, usually of rustic or pastoral type," literally "a little picture," diminutive of eidos "form" (see -oid).
☯improvisation[ˌɪmprəvaɪˈzeɪʃn]
n.即兴创作；即兴演奏;
from assimilated form of in- "not, opposite of" (see in- (1)) + provisus "foreseen," also "provided," past participle of providere "foresee, provide" (see provide)
☯improvise[ˈɪmprəvaɪz]
v.即兴创作(音乐、台词、演讲词等);临时拼凑;临时做;
☯interview[ˈɪntəvjuː]
n.采访;面试;面谈;(常指公开的)记者采访;(私下的)会谈;
v.(媒体)采访;（私下）提问，面谈;对(某人)进行面试;
from entre- "between" (see inter-) + Old French voir "to see" (from Latin videre, from PIE root *weid- "to see")
☯invidious[ɪnˈvɪdiəs]
adj.招人嫉妒的;易引起反感的;惹人厌的;讨厌而不公正的;
from invidia "envy, grudge, jealousy, ill will" (see envy (n.)).
☯kaleidoscope[kəˈlaɪdəskəʊp]
n.万花筒;(形势、图案等的)千变万化，瞬息万变;
from Greek kalos "beautiful, beauteous" (see Callisto) + eidos "shape" (see -oid) + -scope, on model of telescope, etc
☯-oid
word-forming element meaning "like, like that of, thing like a ______," from Latinized form of Greek -oeidēs (three syllables), from eidos "form," related to idein "to see," eidenai "to know;" literally "to see" (from PIE *weid-es-, from root *weid- "to see"). The -o- is connective or a stem vowel from the previous element.
☯penguin[ˈpeŋɡwɪn]
n.【鸟】企鹅
from Welsh pen "head" (see pen-) + gwyn "white" (see Gwendolyn)
☯prevision[,pri:"viʒәn]
n.预见;预知;预见性;先见;远见;
from prae "before" (see pre-) + videre "to see" (from PIE root *weid- "to see")
☯provide[prəˈvaɪd]
vt.提供;规定;供应;给予;
from pro "ahead" (from PIE root *per- (1) "forward") + videre "to see" (from PIE root *weid- "to see")
☯providence[ˈprɒvɪdəns]
n.上帝;天佑;苍天;
☯prudent[ˈpruːdnt]
adj.谨慎的，慎重的;仔细的，小心的;精明的;节俭的
from pro "ahead" (see pro-) + videre "to see" (from PIE root *weid- "to see")
☯purvey[pəˈveɪ]
vt.提供，供应(食物、服务或信息);
from pro "ahead" (see pro-) + videre "to see" (from PIE root *weid- "to see"). Compare provide
☯purview[ˈpɜːvjuː]
n.(组织、活动等的)范围;权限;
from pro "ahead" (see pro-) + videre "to see" (from PIE root *weid- "to see").
☯review[rɪˈvjuː]
n.回顾;报告;评审，审查，检查，检讨(以进行必要的修改);(对书籍、戏剧、电影等的)评介，评论;述评;汇报;温习课，复习课;阅兵式;
vt.回顾;温习，复习;复查;反思;检阅（部队）;评介;
☯revise[rɪˈvaɪz]
v.修改;修订(书刊、估算等);改变(意见或计划);复习;温习;
n.校订;再校样;
☯story[ˈstɔːri]
n.(虚构的)故事;小说;情节;(真实情况的)叙述，描述;新闻报道;楼层;谎言;对往事的叙述;
vi.用历史故事画装饰;讲…的故事;把…作为故事讲述
from Latin historia "history, account, tale, story" (see history).
☯supervise[ˈsuːpəvaɪz]
v.监督;管理;指导;主管;
from Latin super "over" (see super-) + videre "to see" (from PIE root *weid- "to see").
☯survey[ˈsɜːveɪ , səˈveɪ]
n.调查;测量;勘测;测绘;民意调查;民意测验;总体研究;(尤指为欲购房者所做的)房屋鉴定
vt.测量;勘测;测绘;（对建筑物的）鉴定，检查;概述;审视;查看;总体研究;（对…）做民意调查，进行民意测验;审察;全面评述;
from Latin super "over" (see super-) + videre "to see" (from PIE root *weid- "to see").
☯twit[twɪt]
n.笨蛋;傻瓜;讨厌鬼;
shortened form of Middle English atwite, from æt "at" (see at) + witan "to blame," from Proto-Germanic *witanan "to look after, guard, from PIE root *weid- "to see."
☯unwitting[ʌnˈwɪtɪŋ]
adj.不知情的;无意的;糊里糊涂的;
☯vide[ˈviːdeɪ]
vt.(指示语，用于书等中)参见，参阅，另见;
☯view[vjuː]
n.看法;方式;(个人的)意见;(理解或思维的)方法;（一次）观看;看;视野;（从某处看到的）景色，风景;态度;见解;视线;视域;风景照;
vt.看，观看（电视、电影等）;看;把…视为;以…看待;(尤指)仔细察看;查看(房子等，以便购买或租用);
from Latin videre "to see" (from PIE root *weid- "to see").
☯visa[ˈviːzə]
n.(护照的)签证;
vt.签发签证;
☯visage[ˈvɪzɪdʒ]
n.(人的)脸，面容;
☯vision[ˈvɪʒn]
n.视力;视野;异象;想象;影像，画面;幻象;想象力;梦幻;神示;俊男;
v.在梦(幻)中看见；想像;
☯visit[ˈvɪzɪt]
v.参观;访问(互联网上的网站);拜访;视察;看望;(短暂地)作客，逗留;
n.(到网站的)访问;参观;游览;看望;会面;逗留;碰头;
☯visor[ˈvaɪzə(r)]
n.(汽车内挡风玻璃上方的)遮阳板;(头盔上的)面甲，面罩，护面;遮阳帽舌;
☯vista[ˈvɪstə]
n.景色，景观;远景;（思想等的）界域，范围;（形成长条形景色的）狭长通道;连绵回忆;不断展望;（未来可能发生的）一系列情景，一连串事情;长条形景色;
☯voyeur[vɔɪˈɜː(r)]
n.窥淫癖者(喜欢窥视他人性行为);刺探隐秘者(喜欢刺探他人的问题或私生活);
☯wise[waɪz]
adj.明智的;英明的;了解的;精明的，狡猾的;有学问的, 博学的;充满智慧的;高明的;<美俚>骄横的，傲慢的，放肆的;有判断力的;明察善断的;知情消息灵通的;<古>懂妖术的，有魔力的;
v.使知道;了解;教导;劝导，说服;使转向，使朝着;传送，传导;引开，诱离;
n.<古>（主要用于一些习用短语中）方式，方法，样式;
from past-participle adjective *wittos of PIE root *weid- "to see" (hence "to know").
☯wisdom[ˈwɪzdəm]
n.智慧;(社会或文化长期积累的)知识，学问;明智;才智;精明;
from wis (see wise (adj.)) + -dom.
☯wiseacre[ˈwaɪzeɪkə(r)]
n.自以为无所不知的人;自以为是的人;
from Proto-Germanic *wit- "to know" (see wit (v.)).
☯wit[wɪt]
n.机智;（正确判断的）能力，智力;风趣;头脑;智力;才思;有…智慧的;理解力;才思敏捷说话诙谐的人;机智幽默的人;措辞巧妙的能力;颖悟力
v.(wist ) 知道
from PIE root *weid- "to see," metaphorically "to know."
☯witting["wɪtɪŋ]
n.消息；情报;（Witting）人名；（英）威廷；（德、罗、芬、瑞典）维廷;
v.知道（wit的ing形式）;
adj.知晓的；有意的;
二、单词串记感悟
㊙️人类及动物活力的鲜明特征：目光闪动、聪明睿智、灵活机动的的。于是便有了spec-、-scope、bio-、zoo-、vis-、wis-、vehicle等词根间的词义相通，也为我们学习和串记单词提供了捷径！
结语
学习贵在思考，记忆源于理解！
