英汉语习语互译:“害群之马”英语怎么说?

香课程 2024-03-02 10:22:17

【英语习语】

the black sheep of the family

【习语注释】

该习语的字面意思表示“绵羊家族中的黑绵羊”,主要用来喻指“a disreputable or disgraced member of a family”,即“声名不好的或不光彩的家庭成员”,相当于汉语里的“害群之马;败家子;不孝之子;家族败类;捣蛋鬼”。

【习语运用】

Aunt Susan became the black sheep of the family after she went to prison for tax evasion.

苏珊姨妈因逃税入狱之后,就成了有辱门楣的害群之马。

My brother Tom was really the black sheep of the family, causing shame to the rest of the family members.

我弟弟汤姆是个十足的败家子,令全家人蒙羞。

After he had been in prison, Peter was regarded as the black sheep of the family.

彼得坐牢之后,被看作是家庭中的不肖子孙。

I was the black sheep of the family; you tried to teach me right from wrong.

我曾是家里的捣蛋鬼,你试图教我分辨是非。

【闲话习语】

关于该习语的来源说法不一,比如有的说法是牧民不喜欢黑绵羊,因为它们的羊毛不如白绵羊更适合用于染织,所以更不值钱。但更为可能的来源是由于当初人们对《圣经》的不加引用来源的说明,而互相借用翻译后,导致的误译。在Myles Coverdale翻译的《圣经》(1535年)中,就有这样的误译:

"All blacke shepe amonge the lambes."

而这个译文,是Coverdale从一个德语版的《圣经》中直接翻译过来的。但是,当初《圣经》中的黑绵羊其实是“诚实(integrity)”的象征。

最早把习语作为消极含义使用的记录出现在1640年,当时有个叫Thomas Shepard的清教徒,在《The Sincere Convert》中这样写道:

"Cast out all the Prophane people among us, as drunkards, swearers, whores, lyers, which the Scripture brands for blacke sheepe, and condemnes them in a 100. places."

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那么,你还知道英语里“害群之马”的其它说法吗?欢迎留言探讨。

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